The powerful influence of the Sun and the nature of the mysterious ‘dark energy’ motivate ESA’s next two science missions. Solar Orbiter and Euclid were selected today by ESA’s Science Programme Committee for implementation, with launches planned for 2017 and 2019.
These two missions are medium-class missions and are the first in ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Plan.Solar Orbiter will venture closer to the Sun than any previous mission. It is designed to make major breakthroughs in our understanding of how the Sun influences its environment, in particular how the Sun generates and propels the flow of particles in which the planets are bathed, known as the solar wind.
Solar activity affects the solar wind, making it very turbulent, and solar flares create strong perturbations in this wind, triggering spectacular auroral displays on Earth and other planets.
Solar Orbiter will be close enough to the Sun to sample this solar wind shortly after it has been ejected from the solar surface, while at the same time observing in great detail the process accelerating the wind on the Sun’s surface. The mission’s launch is planned for 2017 from Cape Canaveral with a NASA-provided Atlas launch vehicle.
