Thawing of ice-rich permafrost affects the landscape dramatically and causes long-term effects on tundra vegetation. (Photographer: Mariana Verdonen)
Conducting a study in North West Siberia, researchers found that tundra vegetation regenerated rapidly after a major landslide event in 1989. Two decades later, differences in the vegetation of the landslide area and the areas surrounding it have evened out, but even after 30 years, the vegetation of the landslide area is nowhere close to the vegetation of the surrounding areas.
Several studies reported changes in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in Arctic regions. So far, remote sensing data used to calculate the NDVI hasn’t been able to discern, in detail, landscape level factors that have an effect on greening.
“Landslides caused by the thawing of permafrost will become increasingly common in North West Siberia and elsewhere in the Arctic, too,” said Professor Timo Kumpula from the University of Eastern Finland. “These are caused by climate change, and they also have an effect on vegetation. However, the exact effect of landslides on NDVI is difficult to discern from low-resolution satellite data.”
The researchers point out that permafrost thawing also has implications for all construction. Indeed, the Bovanenkovo gas field, one of Russia’s largest gas fields in the Arctic, is located in the study site. Permafrost thawing can cause structural collapses and put infrastructure at risk. This, in turn, could lead to various types of environmental damage.
Published in Environmental Research Letters, the study was conducted in collaboration between the University of Eastern Finland, Northern Arizona University and the University of Lapland. In addition to data from the Landsat satellite, the researchers used very high resolution (VHR) satellite data from the QuickBird-2 and WorldView-2 and 3 satellites to analyze post-landslide changes in vegetation. The study site on the Yamal Peninsula covers 35 square kilometers.
“VHR satellite images allow us to see very small changes in the land cover, such as temporary degradation of vegetation or new landslides that can be very small, even less than 0.1 hectares in size. We can also see sites where existing permafrost thawing expands,” added Researcher Mariana Verdonen from the University of Eastern Finland.
