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Effect of Ground Changes on the Reference Benchmarks in a Levelling Network of a Large City
In the paper changes of reference benchmarks heights in levelling networks of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd order, during the 1968-1998 period, have been presented on the example of Wrocław. Preliminary interpretation has shown that they are closely correlated with geological, tectonic conditions. The city of Wrocław is situated in the Odra River old valley that together with four other tributaries make up the so-called Wrocław Water Junction. This largely determines the mobility of the ground in the city area. The problem of benchmarks catalogue heights credibility, which are the reference points for networks of the lower order and for deformations of engineering constructions in the city, has been raised. An attempt has been made to generalise the experiences obtained and apply them for modernisation of levelling networks and for design of geodetic networks that are to be connected with engineering projects
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